Soil Science

Eel grass growing underwater
By Kaine Korzekwa

Soils all over the Earth’s surface are rigorously tested and managed. But what about soils that are down in the murky depths? Although not traditional soils, underwater soils have value and function. Some scientists are working to get them the recognition and research they deserve.

One of these scientists is Mark Stolt from the University of Rhode Island. He and his team are working to sample and map underwater soils.

Man in vest at reclamation site
By Adityarup “Rup” Chakravorty

More than 2.4 million miles of energy pipelines crisscross the United States. If assembled end-to-end, they would circle the Earth almost 100 times!

Energy pipelines transport products such as crude oil or natural gas. Some of the pipelines are above ground, but most of them are buried. Often, energy pipelines pass through previously undisturbed areas. These areas need to be managed carefully to re-establish ecologically functioning systems. This complex process is called land reclamation.

hands holding gypsum
By Susan V. Fisk

Warren Dick has worked with gypsum for more than two decades. You’d think he’d be an expert on drywall and plastering because both are made from gypsum. But the use of gypsum that Dick studies might be unfamiliar to you: on farmland.

Cultivator in potato field.
By Penelope Hillemann

When you think of China, do you think of potatoes? Maybe not, but in the Loess Plateau region of northwestern China, potato is the main food crop.

Cultivator in potato field.

corn plant with purple leaf margins.
By Adityarup “Rup” Chakravorty

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that around 45 million tons of phosphorus fertilizers will be used around the world in 2018. Much will be applied to soils that also received phosphorus fertilizers in past years.

corn plant with purple leaf margins.

According to a new study, much of that could be unnecessary.

Static chamber in field, used to measure greenhouse gases and soil moisture
By Penelope Hillemann

In a newly published study, researchers dug into how fertilizing with manure affects soil quality, compared with inorganic fertilizer.

Static chamber in field, used to measure greenhouse gases and soil moisture

Researcher pulling device through grassy field.
By Kaine Korzekwa

Ground penetrating radar isn’t something from the latest sci-fi movie. It’s actually a tool used by soil scientists to measure the amount of moisture in soil quickly and easily.

Researcher pulling device through grassy field.

Scientist placing soil into elemental analyzer
By Kaine Korzekwa

A (wo)man is only as good as his or her tools. In the case of soil scientists, they are only as good as the tools and methods they use. And when it comes to estimating soil organic carbon stocks, new research shows not all tools give the same results.

Scientist placing soil into elemental analyzer

Two people putting something in watering can.
By Adityarup “Rup” Chakravorty

Add just enough fertilizer, and crops thrive. Add too much, and you may end up with contaminated surface and groundwater. 

Two people putting something in watering can.

woman completing soil tests in labs.
By Penelope Hillemann

Healthy soil contributes to healthy crops. Farmers know this, so they do what they can to ensure their soil is in good shape. They send samples of their soil for lab testing to find out if it is low in any important nutrients. If it is, they can take steps to improve the health of their soil. These might include adding fertilizers or growing cover crops that feed the soil.

woman completing soil tests in lab.